Lipid Changes and Effect of Diet Therapy only in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Normal Pregnancy in Developing Area Southern China

Objective: To explore the changes in the feature of serum lipid in different trimester of normal pregnancy and GDM, analysis of the effect of diet therapy on blood lipid level on GDM and the relationship between serum and lipid. Methods: 92 normal pregnant women and 85 GDM women were inclusive in this study. The maternal serum lipid levels, diet intake and newborn weight of both groups were recorded. After diet therapy, GDM group was further divided into two subgroups, one with blood glucose under control and one with poor glycemic control according to the blood glucose monitoring. Results: LDL-C and apoB were significantly increased in GDM group compared to normal group in the first trimester(P < 0.05); GDM patients consume more energy having higher weight gain/ pregravid BMI compared to normal group till gestational diabetes was confirmed (P <0.05). Compared to early trimester, TC,TG, LDL-C, LDL-C,apoA1 and apoB were increased in the normal group in late trimester(P <0.05); Compared to the control group in late phase, there was higher apoB, but lower TG in glucose control group. There were higher TC, TG and neonatal weight in the poor glycemic group compared to the control group in late phase (P < 0.05); There was a positive correlation between TC, TG and newbornweight (P < 0.05). Conclusion: With increasing gestational age, there is increasing level of blood lipid profile during pregnancy. Excessive nutrient intake and incidence of GDM may be related. Diet therapy can improve blood lipid status which may help control neonatal weight.